a guide to AIR QUALITY MONITORING with LICHENS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
List of illustrations
General Information about Lichens and Air Pollution
What is a lichen?
Do lichens harm trees?
Lichens need water and minerals
Air pollution
Lichens and air pollution
Why examine lichens on branches?
Why use five year-old and ten-year-old twigs?
How can we tell the age of a twig?
Mapping Lichens and Air Quality in the WillametteValley
How to Use the Guide
Equipment
Selecting the tree
Selecting branches
Finding five and ten-year-old twigs
Identifying the lichens
Which form should you use?
Estimating lichen cover
Using Form #1
Using Form #2
Air Quality Evaluation Form #1
Air Quality Evaluation Form #2
Glossary
Bibliography